Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs

The Chicago Manual of Style

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912). Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel, vol. 27. Jerusalem, Israel: Jewish Music Research Centre, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2020. Commercial Recording.

Study and commentaries: Rivka Havassy and Edwin Seroussi
Research collaborators: Michael Aylward, Joel Bresler, Judith R. Cohen and Risto Pekka Pennanen


In 2008 the Jewish Music Research Centre released a 4-CD package entitled An Early 20th-century Sephardi Troubadour: The Historic Recordings of Haim Effendi of Turkey. Catering to the increasing scholarly and general public interest in the role commercial recordings had on musical traditions from the early twentieth century, that production became a landmark in the revised appreciation of Sephardic music prior to the rapid chain of events leading to the dissolution of the traditional communities that maintained this music. Although Haim Effendi dominated the playlist of Sephardic communities in terms of his proportional share of the market, he was by no means the only artist recorded. 

For this reason, locating and releasing the rich repository of Judeo-Spanish recordings at the EMI Archive Trust, heir to the Gramophone and Zonophone companies, represents a further breakthrough in the study of the Sephardic song. This collection not only brings to light the forgotten voices of many Sephardic artists extremely popular a century and more ago, but also expands the geographical distribution of recordings to Ottoman Jewish centers beyond Constantinople/Istanbul. Moreover, the EMI collection includes recordings that preceded those of Haim Effendi, broadening the confines of the Ladino song repertoire known until now. The picture of the state of Sephardic music in the large urban centers of the Ottoman Empire ca. 1890-1914 is now more textured and varied thanks to these precious jewels from the EMI Archive Trust.

Originally intended to be released as a CD package, Covid-19 forced us to launch this collection online. Eventually, this project became the first item in the recording series "Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel" to be published only on an online digital format. This page presents the full 78 tracks selected for this project for listening, and the accompanying booklet, a scholarly effort of many years, as a free PDF download. In the future Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912) will be available for purchase as a CD package and/or download.

Review by Vanessa Paloma Elbaz in Musica Judaica Online Reviews

* Please note that due to legal restrictions these tracks are not currently available for purchase, only for listening here. 


A concert based on this material, Hidden Voices—Ladino Songs from over 100 years ago, was produced as part of the Jerusaem Oud Festival in conjunction with the JMRC and performed on November 22, 2020 at the Confederation House in Jerusalem. The event featured Hadass Pal-Yarden, one of Israel's leading vocalists in the Judeo-Spanish tradition, along with an ensemble featuring some of Jerusalem's top musicians in the genre, and is available for viewing below.

Hidden Voices—Ladino Songs from over 100 years ago

Sunday, November 22, 2020, 7 p.m.

Hadass Pal-Yarden: musical direction, vocals

Yaniv Ovadia: baglama

Eliyahu Digmi: 1/4 note guitar, oud, saz

Yoni Sharon: percussion

Amitay Mann: clarinet

Prof. Edwin Seroussi: commentary

Sound Examples

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Jacob Algava

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Jacob Algava

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Çakum Effendi

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Çakum Effendi

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Çakum Effendi

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Albert Pessah

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Isaac Algazi

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Elie Cohen

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Elie Cohen

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Sida Musafija

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

La Gloria

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Bosanski Instrumentalni i Pjevački Terzett

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Bosanski Instrumentalni i Pjevački Terzett

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Bosanski Instrumentalni i Pjevački Terzett

Eastern Mediterranean Judeo-Spanish Songs from the EMI Archive Trust (1907-1912)

Bosanski Instrumentalni i Pjevački Terzett

References quoted

  • Amato Levy, Rebecca 1987 >>> I Remember Rhodes. New York: Sepher-Hermon Press.
  • Armistead, Samuel G. and Joseph H. Silverman 1971a >>> The Judeo-Spanish Ballad Chapbooks of Yacob Abraham Yoná. Los Angeles and Berkeley: University of California Press (Folk Literature of the Spanish Jews, I).
  • Armistead, Samuel G. and Joseph H. Silverman 1971b >>> Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Bosnia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Armistead, Samuel G. and Joseph H. Silverman 1982 >>> En torno al romancero sefardí (Hispanismo y Balcanismo de la tradición judeo-española). Madrid: Seminario Menéndez Pidal.
  • Armistead, Samuel G. et al. 1978 >>> El romancero judeo-español en el Archivo Menéndez Pidal (Catálogo-índice de romances y canciones). Madrid: Cátedra-Seminario Menendéz Pidal.
  • Attias, Moshe 1961 >>> Romancero sefaradí. Second edition. Jerusalén: Kiryat Sefer.
  • Attias, Moshe 1971 >>> “The folk poet R. Abraham Toledo and his works in Ladino,” Shevet ve’am 1(6), pp. 116-135 (in Hebrew)
  • Attias, Moshe 1972 >>> Cancionero judeo-español. Jerusalén: Centro de Estudios sobre el judaísmo de Salónica, Tel-Aviv.
  • Attias, Moshe 1973 >>> “A collection of romances from Sarajevo,” Shevet Vaʽam 2[7], pp. 295-370 (in Hebrew).
  • Bassan, Susan 1947 >>> Judeo-Spanish Folk Poetry, M.A. thesis. New York.
  • Benmayor, Rina 1979 >>> Romances judeo-españoles de oriente, Nueva recolección. Madrid: Cátedra-Seminario Menéndez Pidal.
  • Bernheim, Lucien L. 1920 >>> “Cinq chansons populaires judéo-espagnoles du XVIe siècle,” Pages d’Art, Mensuelle Suisse Illustré. Geneve.
  • Bidjarano, Haim 1885 >>> “Los judíos españoles de Oriente: Lengua y literatura popular,” Buletin de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza IX, pp. 23-27.
  • Borrel, Eugene 1924 >>> “Mélodies Israélites, recueillies à Salonique,” Revue de Musicologie 7, pp. 164-168.
  • Bourgault-Decoudray, Louis-Albert 1877 >>> Trente mélodies populaires de Grèce & d’Orient. Paris: Henry Lemoine et Cie.
  • Bresler, Joel >>> Sephardic Music: A Century of Recordings. www.sephardicmusic.org.
  • Bunis, David M. 1999 >>> Voices from Jewish Salonika: Selections from the Judezmo Satirical Series ‘Tio Ezrá y Su Mujer Benuta’ and ‘Tio Bohor y Su Mujer Djamila’ by Moshé Cazés. Jerusalem: Misgav Yerushalayim-The National Authority for Ladino; Thessaloniki: The Ets Ahaim Foundation.
  • Cohen, Judith R. 1998 >>> “Humor and Satire in Judeo-Spanish Song,” Studies in Socio-Musical Sciences, eds. J. Brown and U. Sharvit. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, pp. 233-244.
  • Cohen, Judith R. 2008 >>> “‘En Estambul havía’: Jewish-Spanish music in past, present and future Istanbul,” Música, ciudades, redes: creación musical e interacción social, eds. R. Gómez-Muns and R. López Cano. Salamanca: SiBE-Obra Social Cajo Duero.
  • Díaz Mas, Paloma 1994 >>> Poesía oral sefardí. La Coruña: Esquío-Ferrol.
  • Elazar, Samuel M. 1987 >>> El Romancero Judeo-Español (Romances y Otras Poesías). Sarajevo: “Svjetlost,” Oour Izdavačka Djelatnost.
  • Fraile Gil, José Manuel and Susana Weich-Shahak 1996 >>> “Los Trabajos de la Semana: Congeneres Sefardíes, Españoles y Portugueses,” Estudos de Literatura Oral 2, pp. 125-150.
  • Galante, Abraham 1937 >>> Histoire des Juifs d’Anatolie. 1er volume: Les Juifs d’Izmir (Smyrne). Istambul: M. Babok.
  • Haim Effendi 2008 >>> An Early Twentieth-Century Sephardi Troubadour, The Historical Recordings of Haim Effendi from Turkey, commentaries by Edwin Seroussi and Rivka Havassy, recording research by Joel Bresler. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel, 21, AMTI 0801).
  • Havassy, Rivka 2007 >>> The Ladino Song in the 20th Century: A Study of the Collections of Emily Sene and Bouena Sarfatty-Garfinkle. Ph.D. dissertation, Bar-Ilan University (in Hebrew).
  • Havassy, Rivka 2011a >>> “Con el Tiempo y Progreso (With Time and Progress): The Sephardi Cantigas at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century,” European Judaism 44/1, pp. 121-135.
  • Havassy, Rivka 2011b >>> “From Written Text to Folksong: On Some Aspects of the Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) Cancionero on the Eve of Modern Era,” Estudios sefardies dedicados a la memoria de Iacob. M. Hassan (z”l), ed. Elena Romero. Madrid: CSIC, pp. 242-274.
  • Held, Michal 2014 >>> “Text-Tiles: Reflections of Women’s Textiled World in the Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) Poetic Tradition,” Stitching Resistance: Women, Creativity, and Fiber Arts, ed. Marjorie Agosín. Tunbridge Wells: Solis Press, pp. 131-144.
  • Hemsi, Alberto 1995 >>> Cancionero sefardí. ed. E. Seroussi, in collaboration with P. Díaz-Mas, J. M. Pedrosa and E. Romero. Jerusalem: The Jewish Music Research Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 
  • Idelsohn, Abraham Zvi 1923 >>> Gesänge der orientalischen Sefardim. Jerusalem-Berlin-Wien. (Hebräisch-orientalischer Melodieschatz IV)
  • Kalyviotis, Aristomenis, 2015 >>> Thessaloniki, Musical life before 1912. Karditsa: Author’s edition. (in Greek).
  • Kaufman, Nikolay 1985 >>> “The Folk Songs of the Bulgarian Jews in the Past,” Annual of Social, Cultural and Educational Association of the Jews in Bulgaria 20, pp. 111-143.
  • Kaufman, Nikolay 1993 >>> “Jews and the Balkan Urban Songs,” Annual of the Social, Cultural and Educational Association of the Jews in Bulgaria 28, pp. 184-209.
  • Koen-Sarano, Matilda 1993 >>> Vini kantaremos: Koleksion de kantes djudeo-espanyoles. Jerusalem: Edisión de l’autora.
  • Larrea Palacín, Arcadio de 1952 >>> “La canción popular en tiempo de los Reyes Católicos,” Curso de conferencias sobre la política africana de los Reyes Católicos 4, pp. 7-52.
  • Levy, Gloria 1958 >>> Sephardic Folk Songs Sung by Gloria Levy. Folkways 8737, New York. (LP notes by M. J. Benardete)
  • Levy, Isaac 1959-1973 >>> Chants judéo-espagnols. vol. 1, London: The World Sephardi Federation, 1959; vols. 2-4, Jerusalén: El Autor, 1970, 1971, 1973. 
  • Levy, Isaac 1964-1980 >>> Antología de litúrgia Judeo-española. vols. 1-8, Jerusalén: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura – el autor, 1969; vol. 9, 1977; vol. 10, ed. Moshé Giora Elimelekh, Jerusalén, Instituto de Estudios del Cante Judeo-Español, 1980.
  • Lévy, Isaac Jack 1989 >>> And the World Stood Silent. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Levy, Yasmin 2000 >>> Romance & Yasmin. Tel Aviv: Adama. (CD and booklet).
  • Lieble, Christian (ed.) 2009 >>> Judeo-Spanish from the Balkans: The Recordings by Julius Subak (1908) and Max A. Luria (1927), Sound Documents from the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Sciences: The Complete Historical Collections 1899- 1950, Series 12/OEAW PHA CD 28, Vienna: VÖAW. (CD and booklet)
  • Menéndez Pidal, Ramón 1907 >>> Catálogo del romancero judío-español. Madrid: imprenta Ibérica.
  • Molho, Michael 1950 >>> Usos y costumbres de los sefardíes de Salónica. Madrid-Barcelona: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. (Translated and edited by Alfred A. Zara and Robert Bedford as Traditions and customs of the Sephardic Jews of Salonica. New York: Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, 2006)
  • Molho, Michael 1960 >>> Literatura Sefardita de Oriente. Madrid-Barcelona: CSIC, Instituto Arias Montano.
  • Pedrosa, José Manuel 1993 >>> Fuentes y correspondencias hispanicas del cancionero sefardí de oriente: estudios comparativos, Tesis doctoral. Madrid: UNED de Madrid.
  • Pedrosa, José Manuel 1994 >>> “La canción tradicional sefardí ‘El mancebo enamorado’,” History and Creativity, eds. T. Alexander et al. Jerusalem: Misgav Yerushalayim, pp. [159]-[174].
  • Pedrosa, José Manuel 2008 >>> “El cancionero y el romancero tradicional: identidades y mestizajes,” Sefardíes: Literatura y lengua de una nación dispersa. XV Curso de Cultura Hispanojudía y Sefardí de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ed. Elena Romero. Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, pp. 487-520.
  • Pennanen, Risto Pekka 2005 >>> “Commercial Recordings and Source Criticism in Music Research: Some Methodological Views,” Svensk tidskrift för musikforskning, pp. 81-99.
  • Pennanen, Risto Pekka. 2007 >>> “Immortalised on Wax – Professional Folk Musicians and Their Gramophone Recordings Made in Sarajevo, 1907 and 1908.” Europe and Its Other – Notes on the Balkans, ed. Božidar Jezernik et al. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta, pp. 107-148. Available also in www.phonomuseum.at/includes/content/ lindstroem/pennanen_ immortalised.pdf
  • Perez, Avner 2005 >>> Abraham Toledo, «Las Coplas de Yosef Ha-Tsadik»: A multilateral critical comparative study and examination of the place of the work in the context of Ladino literature. Jerusalem: Ben Zvi Institute (in Hebrew).
  • Perez, Avner 2007 >>> Blanka flor: Un Viaje en los Kaminos de la Romansa. Maale Adumim: Sefarad – Instituto Maale Adumim.
  • Petrovic, Ankica 1989 >>> “Correlation between the musical content of Jewish Sephardic songs and traditional Muslim lyrics, ‘sevdalinka’, in Bosnia,” Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies 10, D, vol. 2, pp. 165-171.
  • Pinto, Samuel 1956 >>> Sephardic romances and songs of the Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Jugoslavia). Sarajevo: the autor (in Hebrew).
  • Poliker, Jako and Yehuda 2012 >>> Jako and Yehuda Poliker. Tel Aviv: Hatav Hashmini. (CD and booklet)
  • Polomik, Tünde 1997 >>> “Crtice iz muzičko-kulturnog života Sefarda u Sarajevu za vrijeme austrougarske uprave 1878–1918,” Muzika 1, no. 4, pp. 49-54. Proyecto Folklore, A collection of songs in Ladino of the Israel Broadcasting Service, folkmasa.org/avshir/pshir.htm
  • Refael, Shmuel 2008 >>> Un grito en el silencio. Barcelona: Tirocinio.
  • Romero, Elena 1988 >>> Coplas sefardíes: primera selección. Córdoba: Ediciones El Almendro.
  • Romero, Elena 2008 >>> Entre dos (o más) fuegos: Fuentes poéticas para la historia de los sefardíes de los Balcanes. Madrid: CSIC.
  • Romero, Elena, Iacob M. Hassán and Leonor Carracedo 1992 >>> Bibliografia analítica de ediciones de coplas sefardíes. Madrid: CSIC.
  • Saltiel, Aron and Joshua Horowitz 2001 >>> Sephardisches Liederbuch: 51 Judenspanische Lieder, The Sephardic Songbook: 51 Judeo-Spanish Songs. Frankfurt: Edition Peters.
  • Seroussi, Edwin 1989 >>> Mizimrat Qedem: The Life and Music of R. Isaac Algazi from Turkey. Jerusalem: Renanot, Institute for Jewish Music, with two cassettes: R. Isaac Algazi: Cantorial Compositions, Piyyutim and Judeo-Spanish Songs, ed. E. Barnea and E. Seroussi.
  • Seroussi, Edwin 1999 >>> “The Music of the Ladino Folksong,” Pe’amim 77 (1999), pp. 5-19 (in Hebrew).
  • Seroussi, Edwin 2009 >>> Incipitario sefardí: el cancionero judeoespañol en fuentes hebreas (siglos xv-xix), con la colaboración de Rivka Havassy. Madrid: CSIC.
  • Seroussi, Edwin 2012 >>> “From Spain to the Eastern Mediterranean and Back: A Ladino Song as Metaphor of Modern Sephardi Culture,” Garment and Core, Jews and their Musical Experiences, eds. E. Avitsur, M. Ritsarev and E. Seroussi. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, pp. 41-82.
  • Seroussi, Edwin 2015 >>> “Hatikvah: Conceptions, Receptions and Reflections,” Yuval Online 9, www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/node/22482/
  • Seroussi, Edwin 2019 >>> Ruinas sonoras de la modernidad: La canción popular sefardí en la era post-tradicional. Madrid: CSIC.
  • Volitzer, Eva 1998 >>> Canciones Sefardies de Bulgaria. [Bulgaria]: Musicautor (CD and booklet)
  • Weich-Shahak, Susana 1980 >>> Sephardi Songs from the Balkans. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jewish Music Research Centre (Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel) (LP record).
  • Weich-Shahak, Susana 2001 >>> Repertorio tradicional infantil sefardí: retahílas, juegos, canciones y romances de tradición oral. Madrid: Compañía Literaria.
  • Weich-Shahak, Susana 2013 >>> El ciclo de la vida. Madrid: Editorial Alpuerto, S.A. Research Centre (Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel 24, AMTI 0114) (2 CDs and booklet).
  • Weich-Shahak, Susana 2014 >>> Judeo-Spanish Songs for the Life Cycle in the Eastern Mediterranean. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jewish Music Research Centre (Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel 24, AMTI 0114) (2 CDs and booklet).
  • Wiener, Leo 1903/4 >>> “Songs of the Spanish Jews in the Balkan Peninsula,” Modern Philology 1, pp. 205-216, 259-274.

Attachments

pdf file
EMI Judeo Spanish Archive Hebrew Booklet_0.pdf
pdf file
UD FESTIVAL PROGRAM Ladino 2020 (1).pdf
UD FESTIVAL PROGRAM Ladino 2020.pdf

Join Our Newsletter

Subscribe to our newsletter to get updates