… Ashkenazic diaspora center that emerged during the tenth century in present day southern Germany and northern France. …  and spanning a period from the early sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries (Dreeßen 1971, 9-31). Philological … Jews did not employ Western notation until the late eighteenth century and relied instead on oral transmission …

… world during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. In musical terms, the Nahda is associated with the … popular songs, a practice with roots in the sixteenth century that continues amongst Syrian Jews today (Kligman … from the Cairo Genizah dating from approximately the eighteenth century, [10] a list of sources provided in …

… influenced by the German music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.   South Africa 1905-6 English version: … was one of the most renowned names of the older 19 th century generation of cantors (of Hassidic background) from …

… national sentiment in the first two decades of the 20 th century. At the same time, the opposition to Hatikvah on … European poetry. Different scholars cited two nineteenth-century patriotic German songs, certainly known to … of Hatikvah as the Zionist anthem was only made at the Eighteenth Zionist Congress in Prague in 1933 through a …