Adon Olam is a rhymed liturgical hymn that is comprised of twelve verses. Adon Olam literally translated means “Lord of the World,” and accordingly includes themes of power, eternity and unity of God. The date of composition and author of this hymn are unknown, though some attribute it to Solomon ibn Gabriol of the 11th century C.E. Others suspect that this hymn dates back much further to the Babylonian Jewish community. In the Sephardi tradition, an additional two verses are added, and the hymn is generally used to close Shabbat and holiday services. In the Ashkenazi rite, Adon Olam is a hymn which closes the evening service on Shabbat eve, and in both traditions, it is recited as part of the Kol Nidre service on Yom Kippur. Adon Olam has become a popular hymn and is sung in many Para-liturgical contexts. In the Moroccan tradition, Adon Olam is sung at wedding celebrations and when visiting someone on their deathbed. There is a wide range of musical settings for this hymn, including melodies from Jewish and secular sources. In some communities Adon Olam is sung antiphonally between the Hazzan and the congregation, while in others it is performed in unison or by a small group of presenters.
