Esther Rachel Kamińska was a Polish Jewish actress. She began her professional career as a stylist and made her theatre debut in 1888 in Warsaw. From 1893 she performed with the theatre ensemble of her future husband, Avraham Izaak Kamiński. She played mostly in operettas. She won fame as the star of a series of Yiddish theater companies. In Warsaw, in 1907 they together founded the Literary Troupe (Literarishe trupe), the first Yiddish theater company.
She was the mother of Ida Kamińska, the well-known stage and film actress, who cofounded the Warsaw Yiddish Art Theater in the 1920s, and, in 1946, following the Second World War, played in reestablished Yiddish theaters in Poland. Today, the Jewish Theatre, Warsaw is named after the two actresses.