Docteur en Linguistique generale, Paris V Rene Descartes; Docteur s-Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Paris V; Director of the team Langues, Musiques, Societes, CNRS. Research interests: the cantillation of the Mishna: study of oral performances from linguistic and musical points of view; Jewish interlinguistics: the French and Hebrew of Jews in France and Israel; the Judeo-Spanish of the Western Jews (Southern France, England, Holland, etc.); the linguistic performances of the Jews in Germany, Austria, and Romania; the liturgical music traditions of Ethiopian Jews